Equilima — Crypto

Crypto Morning Brief: Macro, News, Fundamentals, And Market Setup (2026-07-02)

Equilima Research 2026-07-02

Crypto Morning Brief: Macro, News, Fundamentals, And Market Setup (2026-07-02)

Crypto Morning Brief: Macro, News, Fundamentals, And Market Setup (2026-07-02)

Morning light spills across the trading desk. A neon glow paints the charts as BTC-USD flares between claps of siren-green candlesticks and the dull thump of a distant reload. Screen glow reflects off coffee cups and a wall of notes. The market feels part cathedral, part fighter jet: solemn, deliberate, and finally, relentlessly fast. You and I are here with the same aim—spotting where danger and opportunity kiss and where the next reliable edge might come from. The macro backdrop is firming up, but volatility remains the drumbeat we learn to listen for in the crypto rhythm.

Key Takeaways (as of 2026-07-02)

  • Bitcoin (BTC-USD) sits at the crossroads of macro policy and crypto-specific demand. The latest macro prints suggest a cautious tilt toward slower inflation relief, but a resilient labor market keeps the FOMC balance in motion. BTC continues to trade within a range where macro catalysts—Fed policy cues, risk-on/risk-off flows, and macro news—can swing price meaningfully. Watch for a breakout or a retrace near key support around 60k and resistance near 65k-67k.
  • Ethereum (ETH-USD) mirrors BTC’s macro sensitivity with added emphasis on network fundamentals: layer-2 deployment progress, gas-cost dynamics, and ETH issuance signals. A soft month for crypto could pressure ETH toward mid-1600s, while a risk-on impulse could liftETH toward the 1700s-1800s if macro data surprises positively.
  • Coinbase (COIN) shows modestly improved profitability signals but a high forward P/E. The stock’s price action remains tethered to crypto sentiment, regulatory chatter, and exchange flows. A near-term catalyst could be clarity on staking regulation or a favorable earnings print that underpins a “buy” stance for traders who want crypto exposure via equities.
  • Strategy Inc (MSTR) remains a proxy for corporate treasury risk and macro risk appetite. The current setup is volatile, but fundamentals show revenue growth around ~12% with a non-zero profit margin. The market is pricing in potential upside if Bitcoin adoption accelerates and treasury activity continues to be supportive.
  • Macro backdrop paints a persistence of higher-for-longer rates with inflation cooling slower than the most optimistic consensus. Ten-year yields hover around the 4.40% area, pushing risk assets to price-in tougher discount rates. The Fed Funds futures imply continued vigilance, with macro surprises likely to ripple into crypto liquidity and risk appetite.

Macro Frame: The Longer View Within the Short Fuse

The macro narrative anchors all crypto price action. On 2026-06-01, the Fed Funds rate sat at 3.63%. June's data hints at a still-strong labor market, while inflation has cooled enough to keep the door open for policy normalization—but not slam it shut. The latest unemployment print around 4.3% remains a lever the Fed won’t ignore, because a robust jobs market shields policymakers from rushing to taper policy aggressively. In parallel, the 10-year Treasury yield sits at 4.44% as of 2026-06-30, a rate environment that makes discounted cash flows less forgiving and crypto valuations more sensitive to headline risk.

What does that mean for BTC-USD and ETH-USD? It means risk-on opportunities become episodic, not structural. The price action will likely hinge on:

  • Precise inflation trajectories and the pace of cooling;
  • Nonfarm payrolls and wage growth surprises;
  • Liquidity conditions from balance sheet policy and QT adjustments;
  • Crypto-specific liquidity channels (exchanges, DeFi, and institutional framing).

In this environment, BTC tends to act as a macro-risk gauge in the crypto space. When risk appetite firms, BTC draws strength; when liquidity tightens or policy uncertainty rises, BTC often slips toward prior support zones. ETH tends to outperform BTC when on-chain activity improves and Layer-2 scaling gains traction, but still can move with the broader risk environment. The interplay is complex, yet trackable with a disciplined eye on macro prints and on-chain signals.

News Flow: What Moves Crypto This Week

Recent headlines reflect a market trying to reconcile booming on-chain activity stories with regulatory and macro pressures. Here are the contemporaneous beats shaping flows right now:

  • Bitcoin headlines underscore the enduring narrative: “Bitcoin sees its worst first half since the 2022 crash.” The momentum shift hinges on macro policy expectations and risk sentiment more than a sudden change in Bitcoin’s own supply/demand mechanics. Traders are parsing whether this is a temporary pullback or a harbinger of a deeper retrace.
  • Ethereum-related coverage often ties ETH moves to broader tech-adoption narratives and macro risk-on shifts. With ETH price around mid-1600s, the market watch peaks on any flash of network upgrade progress or gas-efficient scaling milestones that could unlock a fresh wave of demand.
  • Coinbase coverage has focused on profitability dynamics, with forward-looking multiples around the 33x area. In the current environment, COIN stock often responds to crypto price action as well as regulatory clarity signals that affect exchange economics, stablecoin flows, and staking developments.
  • Strategic players and corporate treasury activity have kept MSTR in the crosshairs. Reports of increasing Bitcoin treasury holdings by smaller or mid-cap conglomerates add a directional tilt if confirmed by filings or public disclosures. The market treats this as a potential tailwind for BTC-related instruments, albeit with idiosyncratic volatility.

Takeaways from the headlines: the crypto market remains highly sensitive to macro policy cues, coupled with crypto-specific catalysts like on-chain activity, scaling milestones, and regulatory clarity. The near-term risk is a pullback if data surprises on the hawkish side; the near-term edge is a persistence of risk-on intent when macro prints soften and liquidity remains generous.

Fundamentals: What the On-Chain and Corporate Signals Are Saying

Fundamental assessment in crypto requires balancing on-chain health, network activity, and corporate treasury dynamics against macro-rate constraints. The current snapshot includes a mixed but informative set of signals across BTC-USD, ETH-USD, COIN, and MSTR.

  • Bitcoin (BTC-USD) price: 61,163.96; one-month change: -3.77%. Market cap: 1,226,791,452,672. The picture: risk-off sentiment has weighed on BTC in the short run, but on-chain activity does not show a collapse in core usage. If macro prints continue to surprise on the softer side without triggering a liquidity crunch, BTC may stabilize near key supports, setting up a potential rebound if risk appetite returns.
  • Ethereum (ETH-USD) price: 1,643.58; one-month change: -1.72%. Market cap: 198,397,427,712. ETH’s fundamentals remain anchored in network activity and L2 adoption. A stable macro and constructive scaling news could push ETH into test zones around 1,700–1,800, depending on gas dynamics and activity growth relative to BTC’s move.
  • Coinbase (COIN) price: 159.24; one-month change: -12.8%. Market cap: 41,953,492,992. Forward P/E: ~33.0. Revenue growth: -0.31. Profit margin: 12.7%. The stock’s core lever remains crypto demand and regulatory clarity; improving risk sentiment could lift COIN even if crypto prices lag, as exchange economics benefit from higher trading volumes and stablecoin flows.
  • Strategy Inc (MSTR) price: 93.39; one-month change: -37.65%. Market cap: 33,412,001,792. Forward P/E: ~20.93. Revenue growth: ~11.9%. Profit margin: 0%. MSTR is the corporate-treasury proxy; its moves reflect treasury strategy shifts and Bitcoin price sensitivity rather than traditional earnings power. A healthy BTC backdrop could provide a counterweight to the volatility in MSTR itself.

Reading the fundamentals together suggests a cautious but constructive stance: BTC and ETH have the exposure to macro-driven volatility, COIN carries idiosyncratic risk but with potential upside on a favorable crypto cycle, and MSTR remains a leveraged bet on BTC adoption with higher drawdowns during risk-off spells. The practical implication is to watch for regime shifts in macro data that align with liquidity availability and risk appetite, rather than expecting a straight-line crypto rally on any single data point.

Market Setup: Where We Stand Now and How to Play It

The current setup blends a macro backdrop of “higher-for-longer” rates with crypto-specific catalysts. This combination creates a market where big moves come in bursts and are often driven by a handful of headline and on-chain events. The plan is to be prepared for both sides of the move—have liquidity ready to rotate into edges when volatility spikes, and avoid over-committing into flat ranges without a clear breakout logic.

  • Range context: BTC-USD has recently traded in a wide range around the 60k level, with resistance in the 65k–67k zone and support near 58k–59k. A break above 67k on strong macro news could unlock a new move; a break below 58k on poor data could accelerate a retrace toward 54k–56k.
  • Momentum cues: Watch 20-day and 50-day moving averages for BTC and ETH to gauge short- to intermediate-term momentum. Deterioration in momentum often coincides with macro surprises; improvement tends to accompany favorable data surprises or risk-on liquidity bursts.
  • Regulatory and on-chain catalysts: Any clarity on staking regulation or stablecoin policy can act as a swing factor for COIN and the broader crypto ecosystem. On-chain metrics like active addresses, total value locked (TVL) on Layer-2s, and miner/validator economics for BTC and ETH will give color on the health of the network and potential next leg of demand.
  • Risk controls: Maintain a plan for risk-managed exposure. In this environment, tactical positions with defined stop levels and clear trim zones help weather fast macro-driven whipsaws without sacrificing core exposure to the crypto trend.

Actionable Scenarios: What Could Move The Market Next

Two dominant scenarios shape the near-term outlook. Both rely on macro discipline and crypto-specific catalysts. Here are the two most plausible paths and how to respond if you’re watching the market in real time:

  • Scenario A: Soft macro prints, liquidity stays accommodative. BTC-USD could test the 60k handle and attempt a bounce toward 65k. ETH-USD often follows, with a tilt toward 1700–1800 if on-chain activity and gas efficiency news improve. COIN could see modest upside as trading volumes stabilize and risk appetite marginally improves. If you price this scenario, consider adding to exposure near support levels or trimming only if targets are achieved or risk limits are hit.
  • Scenario B: Hawkish re-pricing or macro surprise. BTC-USD could break below 58k, triggering wider risk-off liquidity drops. ETH could underperform BTC, and COIN might slip as exchange flow volatility intensifies. MSTR would likely roar more volatile, reflecting Bitcoin’s direction. Risk management here means pre-define stop losses and maintain dry powder to take advantage of a potential late-cycle bounce if policy clarity improves.

Scenario-Based Takeaways: Where The Edges Are

  • Edges come from macro-to-crypto rate sensitivity alignment. If the Fed signals patience and inflation data softens meaningfully, crypto risk-on could reassert with a belt of momentum behind BTC and ETH.
  • On-chain signals are the clock: rising activity and healthy fee dynamics bolster ETH’s fundamental narrative and a potential rebound in BTC’s network security metrics can support price resilience.
  • Stability in exchange economics, aided by regulatory clarity, is a potential catalyst for COIN to re-rate. A favorable stance on staking and stablecoin policy would be particularly impactful.
  • MSTR offers a volatility hedge with Bitcoin exposure as a backbone. The stock is a bet on macro risk appetite and corporate treasury behavior—watch filings and treasury moves as a leading indicator.

Closing View: The Open Road Ahead

As you scan the screens with me, the market feels both familiar and newly minted. The macro tells a story of caution, discipline, and the careful calibration of risk. The headlines remind us that crypto remains oscillatory, yet alive with potential. The fundamentals remind us that network health, user activity, and institutional interest can create pockets of durable upside even when the broad market hesitates. The market setup invites patience and precision: let macro catalysts validate a narrative, let on-chain signals confirm the health of the ecosystem, and let market structure provide the frame for risk-managed positions.

Final Read: Practical Pathways For Today

  • BTC-USD around 61,164; key levels to watch: support 58k–59k, resistance 65k–67k. Consider scaling into positions if price stabilizes near support with favorable momentum signals.
  • ETH-USD around 1,644; watch for a break above 1,700 with momentum or a pullback toward 1,600–1,580 if macro data disappoints.
  • COIN around 159; monitor regulatory news and exchange flow data. A constructive update could unlock a multi-week re-rating, particularly if macro returns to a more favorable risk tone.
  • MSTR around 93; treat as a proxy for BTC adoption. Traction in Bitcoin treasury activity or favorable regulatory signals could anchor a bounce, with volatility staying high in the near term.

Stay Tuned

The market’s rhythm is in constant motion. We’ll keep pace with the data, watching for regime shifts that can reframe risk and opportunity. The door to value in crypto remains ajar, but it requires a measured, informed approach—one eye on macro, one on the chain, and one on the price action that ties them together.

Crypto Morning Brief: Macro, News, Fundamentals, And Market Setup (2026-07-02)

Morning brief — Crypto — 2026-07-02

What Deserves Your Attention Now

  • MSTR is the pressure point: 93.39 with a 1M move of -37.65%.
  • BTC-USD valuation check: forward P/E n/a, profit margin n/a, recommendation n/a.
  • Rates: Fed Funds 3.63; 10Y Treasury 4.44. Duration-sensitive trades need confirmation.
  • Labor: unemployment at 4.3; watch whether risk assets treat it as cooling pressure or demand risk.
  • BTC-USD: Bitcoin sees its worst first half since 2022 crash
  • BTC-USD: Bitcoin and ethereum prices today, Wednesday, July 1: Bitcoin's worst month since June '22

The Morning Scene

The screen does not open with a thesis. It opens with pressure. BTC-USD sits near 61163.96, after a one-month move of -3.77%, and that single line already asks the question every serious reader has to answer: is this strength, exhaustion, or just a crowded trade looking for a reason to keep moving?

You do not need a dramatic forecast to read the morning well. You need a clean sequence. First, see where money is flowing. Then test whether earnings power, balance-sheet quality, valuation, and macro conditions support that flow. If the story is good but the numbers are not, be patient. If the numbers are strong but the tape is breaking, respect the market's warning.

  • BTC-USD: price 61163.96, 1M -3.77%, forward P/E n/a, margin n/a.
  • ETH-USD: price 1643.58, 1M -1.72%, forward P/E n/a, margin n/a.
  • COIN: price 159.24, 1M -12.8%, forward P/E 33.025284, margin 0.12736.
  • MSTR: price 93.39, 1M -37.65%, forward P/E 20.930264, margin n/a.

The Trade Setup To Watch

Here is the part that matters before the market narrative gets too polished: the setup only becomes attractive when price, news, and macro pressure point in the same direction. A headline can make oil look like a buy for one session; a sustained move needs demand, inventory, currency, and energy-equity confirmation.

  • Risk assets: BTC-USD is the temperature check at 61163.96, 1M -3.77%. Buy-the-dip behavior is more credible if yields stop rising and the index holds its 20-day trend; failed bounces argue for cash or smaller size.
  • Rates trade: with Fed Funds near 3.63 and the 10Y near 4.44, long-duration equities need lower yields to keep expanding multiples. If the 10Y pushes higher, favor cash-flow names over long-story names.
  • MSTR trigger: keep it on the active list only if price strength is confirmed by fundamentals or fresh headlines. A big 1M move without better margins, guidance, or demand usually becomes a chase-risk setup.

The Macro Weather

Rates are the weather system above the whole market. They decide how much investors pay for distant growth, how forgiving they are toward leverage, and how quickly they rotate when a company misses. A business can sound healthy and still trade poorly when the macro backdrop raises the cost of waiting.

  • Fed Funds: 3.63 as of 2026-06-01
  • Unemployment: 4.3 as of 2026-05-01
  • CPI: 333.979 as of 2026-05-01
  • 10Y Treasury: 4.44 as of 2026-06-30
  • Job Openings: 7594.0 as of 2026-05-01

What The Headlines Are Really Asking

A headline is rarely the answer. It is usually the first clue. The useful question is whether the headline changes revenue, margins, capital costs, regulation, liquidity, or investor positioning. If it changes none of those, it may still move price for a few hours, but it has not earned a place in the thesis.

  • BTC-USD: Bitcoin sees its worst first half since 2022 crash
  • BTC-USD: Bitcoin and ethereum prices today, Wednesday, July 1: Bitcoin's worst month since June '22
  • BTC-USD: Former Binance CFO Lists 3 Catalysts That'll Send Bitcoin Into Bull Market — Number 1 Will Surprise You
  • ETH-USD: Trump made $1B on crypto, his buyers got crushed
  • ETH-USD: Bitcoin, ETH, XRP Jump as Wall Street Sees Soft US Nonfarm Payrolls Data
  • COIN: Circle stock plummeted because of this new stablecoin. Here's why.
  • COIN: Everything You Need to Know About Perps—the Asset Class, Not the Offenders
  • MSTR: Metaplanet Hits 43,000 BTC Milestone, Now the World’s 3rd Largest Corporate Holder

The Bull Case

The bullish path is simple: BTC-USD holds recent strength, headlines keep improving, and the macro tape stops fighting the move. In that version, a pullback toward support is more interesting than a chase at the highs because the risk/reward is easier to define. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The bearish path starts when BTC-USD cannot hold gains after good news. That kind of failure says positioning may already be crowded. If rates rise, the dollar strengthens, or earnings quality weakens, the setup turns from opportunity into trap. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

A useful trigger is visible before the story feels comfortable. Look for a close above the prior week's high, improving volume, and at least one confirming fundamental or macro datapoint. Without confirmation, the cleaner trade is to wait. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The invalidation point should be blunt. If the asset loses support, if the headline is reversed, if guidance weakens, or if the macro driver flips, the setup no longer deserves the same attention. A good thesis is allowed to die quickly. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The most interesting trades usually sit between fear and confirmation. If everybody already agrees, the price may have moved too far. If nobody agrees but the numbers are quietly improving, that is where the watchlist earns its keep. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The bullish path is simple: BTC-USD holds recent strength, headlines keep improving, and the macro tape stops fighting the move. In that version, a pullback toward support is more interesting than a chase at the highs because the risk/reward is easier to define. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The bearish path starts when BTC-USD cannot hold gains after good news. That kind of failure says positioning may already be crowded. If rates rise, the dollar strengthens, or earnings quality weakens, the setup turns from opportunity into trap. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

A useful trigger is visible before the story feels comfortable. Look for a close above the prior week's high, improving volume, and at least one confirming fundamental or macro datapoint. Without confirmation, the cleaner trade is to wait. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The Invalidation

The invalidation point should be blunt. If the asset loses support, if the headline is reversed, if guidance weakens, or if the macro driver flips, the setup no longer deserves the same attention. A good thesis is allowed to die quickly. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The most interesting trades usually sit between fear and confirmation. If everybody already agrees, the price may have moved too far. If nobody agrees but the numbers are quietly improving, that is where the watchlist earns its keep. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The bullish path is simple: BTC-USD holds recent strength, headlines keep improving, and the macro tape stops fighting the move. In that version, a pullback toward support is more interesting than a chase at the highs because the risk/reward is easier to define. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The bearish path starts when BTC-USD cannot hold gains after good news. That kind of failure says positioning may already be crowded. If rates rise, the dollar strengthens, or earnings quality weakens, the setup turns from opportunity into trap. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

A useful trigger is visible before the story feels comfortable. Look for a close above the prior week's high, improving volume, and at least one confirming fundamental or macro datapoint. Without confirmation, the cleaner trade is to wait. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The invalidation point should be blunt. If the asset loses support, if the headline is reversed, if guidance weakens, or if the macro driver flips, the setup no longer deserves the same attention. A good thesis is allowed to die quickly. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The most interesting trades usually sit between fear and confirmation. If everybody already agrees, the price may have moved too far. If nobody agrees but the numbers are quietly improving, that is where the watchlist earns its keep. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The bullish path is simple: BTC-USD holds recent strength, headlines keep improving, and the macro tape stops fighting the move. In that version, a pullback toward support is more interesting than a chase at the highs because the risk/reward is easier to define. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

The Bear Case

The bearish path starts when BTC-USD cannot hold gains after good news. That kind of failure says positioning may already be crowded. If rates rise, the dollar strengthens, or earnings quality weakens, the setup turns from opportunity into trap. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.

A useful trigger is visible before the story feels comfortable. Look for a close above the prior week's high, improving volume, and at least one confirming fundamental or macro datapoint. Without confirmation, the cleaner trade is to wait. On 2026-07-02, the Crypto read should feel practical: bullish if price confirms and the news improves; cautious if the move depends on one headline; bearish if macro pressure gets worse while the chart loses support. The strongest setup is not the loudest story. It is the one where the ticker, the numbers, and the macro backdrop all point in the same direction.